OR-Benchmark: An Open and Reconfigurable Digital Watermarking Benchmarking Framework

Benchmarking digital watermarking algorithms is not an easy task because different applications of digital watermarking often have very different sets of requirements and trade-offs between conflicting requirements. While there have been some general-purpose digital watermarking benchmarking systems available, they normally do not support complicated benchmarking tasks and cannot be easily reconfigured to work with different watermarking algorithms and testing conditions. In this paper, we propose OR-Benchmark, an open and highly reconfigurable general-purpose digital watermarking benchmarking framework, which has the following two key features: 1) all the interfaces are public and general enough to support all watermarking applications and benchmarking tasks we can think of; 2) end users can easily extend the functionalities and freely configure what watermarking algorithms are tested, what system components are used, how the benchmarking process runs, and what results should be produced. We implemented a prototype of this framework as a MATLAB software package and demonstrate how it can be used in three typical use cases. The first two use cases show how easily we can define benchmarking profiles for some robust image watermarking algorithms. The third use case shows how OR-Benchmark can be configured to benchmark some image watermarking algorithms for content authentication and self-restoration, which cannot be easily supported by other digital watermarking benchmarking systems

A sustentabilidade econômico-financeira da Estratégia Saúde da Família em municípios de grande porte The economic-financial sustainability of the Family Health Strategy in large municipalities

A universalização da Atenção Básica e o compromisso orçamentário do Ministério da Saúde com a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) através de novos incentivos sistemáticos de financiamento têm se destacado no cenário da política de saúde brasileira. Um dos grandes problemas é a expansão da estratégia para os grandes centros urbanos. Este artigo estuda a sustentabilidade econômico-financeira do ESF em municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes segundo indicadores selecionados, considerando a região geográfica a que pertencem, porte populacional e a participação no Projeto de Expansão e Consolidação Saúde da Família (Proesf). Os municípios da região Sudeste, mais desenvolvida do país, apresentam em média melhores desempenhos econômico-financeiros, porém valores médios de cobertura de ESF mais baixos. Os municípios das regiões Norte e Nordeste, com as menores médias para indicadores de sustentabilidade econômico-financeira, são os que mais fizeram esforço de evolução no período. Assim, observamos a dinâmica entre maior capacidade fiscal e de comprometimento orçamentário com o setor saúde para os municípios de maior porte e de regiões mais desenvolvidas economicamente, e maior vulnerabilidade e dependência de transferências federativas para os municípios de menor porte e em áreas menos desenvolvidas.<br>The universalization of basic care and commitment budget of the Ministry of Health with the Family Health Strategy (ESF) through new systematic financing incentives have been highlighted in the Brazilian health policy scenario. One of the great problems observed is the expansion of the strategy for large urban centres. This paper studies the economic-financial sustainability of ESF in Brazilian municipalities of more than 100 thousand inhabitants according to some selected indicators, considering the geographical region to which they belong, their population size and participation in Project for the Expansion and Consolidation Family Health (Proesf). Municipalities belonging to the Southeast region, more developed of the country, have on average better economic-financial performance, but lower average values of coverage of ESF. Municipalities from the North and Northeast, with the lowest average for economic-financial sustainability indicators, were the ones that made more effort to developments in the period. Thus, we observed the dynamics between bigger fiscal capacity and budgetary commitment with the Health Sector for biggest municipalities and in more economically developed regions, and greater vulnerability and dependence of federative transferences for municipalities with less people, in less developed areas